Kiruna all-sky camera status

• Summer break 2025-05-02--2025-08-25
• Provides data to:
  • firmament.irf.se
  • spaceweather.se
  • Tromsø-AI (Sota Nanjo ML-classification.)
  • Auroral index (M Yamauchi et al)
  • IRF Aurora alert app (Danielsson et al.)
  • ESA: swe.ssa.esa.int

PI: Urban Brändström <urban.brandstrom@irf.se>
Time-series starts 1956 (Kiruna)

Kiruna all-sky camera at Tromsø-AI [Nanjo et al. Sci. Rep. 2022]

• Sota Nanjos machine learning ai classification distributes 100 points in the following classes:
• 1. Arc
• 2. Discrete
• 3. Diffuse
• 4. Aurora but cloudy
• 5. Aurora but bright
• 6. Clear
• 7. Cloudy
• 8. Dusk/Dawn
• Above information is submitted to users using the RAIN protocol [Lonie/Kastinen].
• Any users can subscribe to, get or provide information as desired
• RAIN is "security agnostic" as users decide what actions should be taken based on information received and what to share with other users.

RAIN and AI-control of ALIS_4D

• aicontrol.py: actions taken by ALIS_4D based on information received through RAIN (currently auroral classification)
• An action $n$ is triggerd if $\sum_{i=1}^{8} w_{n,i} C_i > T_n$
  • $n$ is action number. In reality actions are known by names, e.g:
    • 1. action.stop
    • 2. action.start
    • 3. action.foo
    • 4. action.bar
    • 5. ...
  • $w_{n,i}$ weight of class $i$ for action $n$
  • $C_i$ Current points for auroral class $i$
  • $T_n$ trigger level for action $n$
• To be done: provide data from ALIS_4D to RAIN

Photo U. Brändström 2024-12-31

ALIS_4D status

• Skibotn (OH final site)
• Abisko
• Silkkimuotka
• Karesuvanto
• Nikkaluokta
• IRF opt. lab. (still six pos. filterwheel)
• IRF Knutstorp (OH temporary location).
• Esrange
• Tjautjas

PI: Urban Brändström <urban.brandstrom@irf.se> Time-series starts 1993

Narrow-band imaging: ALIS_4D

• Narrow-band multistation imaging
• 3D reconstruction of volume emissions with tomography-like methods [Gustavsson, Sergienko]
• Both long-time monitoring and campaign mode operations.
• Scientific objectives: to a large extent overlapping with those in EISCAT_3D science case (16 of 23 or 70% requires optical measurements)
• Integrated scheduling and operations with other instruments and facilities in the region. (E.g EISCAT_3D, Esrange, etc.)
• ALIS_4D will be an open and accessible national research infrastructure. This requires open and accessible analysis code.

ALIS_4D ORIGIN [Hedin et al.]

Present monitoring filter sequence

Example 1 2025-11-29 (rrgb)

Example 2: 2025-12-12 6700Å

ALIS_4D Aurora/Airglow filters

ALIS_4D filters, Atmospheric Physics

ALIS_4D filters Differential ablation studies

Magnetometers

• Kiruna Magnetic Observatory
  • Almost all data from Kiruna for 1961-1989 was digitised by WDC Kyoto
  • Had to close short periods due to thunderstorms
• Lycksele Magnetic Observatory (Collaboration with SGU)
• Tormestorp variometer (TOP)
• Staff and retirement issues

PI: Masatoshi Yamauchi <m.yamauchi@irf.se>
Time-series starts 1950 (Kiruna)

Riometers

• Old Lycksele La Jolla (will be decomissioned when it fails)

PI: Tima Sergienko <tima.sergienko@irf.se>
Time-series starts 1958 (Kiruna)

SDR Ionosondes

• ML-scaling of ionograms: collaboration with R. Sherstyukov, U. Oulu

PI: Thomas Leyser <thomas.leyser@irfu.se>
Timeseries starts 1952 (Uppsala)

Infrasound

• Kiruna
• Jämtön
• Lycksele
• Sodankylä (?)

PI: Johan Kero <johan.kero@irf.se>
Time-series starts 1974 (Kiruna)

Tracegases

• Kiruna: KIMRA
• New python software for data-analysis developed by PhD student.
• Publication related to studies of the magnetic Zeeman effect
• Comparision of ground-based and space-born measurements

PI: Uwe Raffalski <uwe.raffalski@irf.se>
Time-series starts 2001 (Kiruna)

Summary 1(2)

• Allsky imager and ML-classification:
• ALIS_4D
  • Seven stations: Karesuvanto and OH deployment in Skibotn:
  • Data-analysis software and scientific data analysis:
  • Good progress with aicontrol
  • Good progress with 3D-visualisation tools (Juan)
  • Nice data supporting ORIGIN (2025-11-17)
  • Lots of clear nights with aurora fall 2025
• Magnetometers:
• Riometers:
• Infrasound:
• Tracegases:
• Ionosondes: Antenna work in Upsala , Lycksele down , Kiruna

Summary 2(2)

• Guest instruments
• Archiving and digitizing of old archives ongoing (1950-present)
• BROR: ALIS_4D nice data-set 23-24 March 2023. Analysis in progress (Sergienko, Tomoe Take, et al.)
• Agree upon a standard observatory mode for narrow-band imagers?
• Intercalibration workshop 2025 (no workshop 2023, 2024) 2026?
• Optical calibration facility needed somewhere on the main-land?
• Need more scientists and engineers (retirement issues) but difficult with funding!
• "Turn-key" instruments difficult to maintain over time
• How ensure that the complementary instruments and their staff is still there when EISCAT_3D becomes operational?
• New ionosondes?
• Common standard for exchanging trigger events and other information between instruments (RAIN?)
• Recruitments in progress (engineer, ionospheric scientists)

Thank you! Questions?

Photo: Fasta paviljongen, Avd. Stormen